- Sign-based-Construction Grammar (Berkeley Construction Grammar)
 unification-based framework (with computational implementation)
- Goldbergian/Lakovian Construction Grammar
 psychologically plausible
- Radical Construction Grammar
 syntactic categories, roles, and relations are not universal:
 they are not only language-specific, but also construction specific
- Embodied Construction Grammar
 relates constructions to embodiment and sensorimotor experience
- Fluid Construction Grammar
 learns grammars from the environment (with computational implementation)